Concerns are growing with the recent surge in the use of short-form video platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and Reels. Research indicates that prolonged, unplanned use of these platforms, particularly among teenagers and young adults, may lead to negative symptoms such as reduced attention spans, increased impulsivity, and feelings of anxiety, depression, and stress.

Background and Methodology of the Study

Researchers at the Institute of Medical Management and Health Sciences at the University of Bayreuth in Germany analyzed the effects of short-form platforms on the neurocognitive functions and emotions of young people under the age of 25. They reviewed 1498 related papers published between 2015 and 2025, ultimately including 42 studies with 46,912 participants. The average age of the participants was 16.8 years, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the GRADE system.

Side Effects of Excessive Short-Form Platform Use

The study found a tendency for reduced attention spans, increased impulsivity, and emotional instability and depression in cases of unplanned viewing exceeding 4 hours per day. Specifically, usage patterns that delayed sleep or interfered with study time were identified as problematic. This excessive use was also linked to a decrease in working memory capacity and a decline in self-regulation skills.

Protective Factors to Mitigate Negative Impacts

The research also proposed several protective mechanisms to reduce negative effects. The research team emphasized that supportive home and social environments, consistent digital usage habits, and a high level of media and digital literacy can be beneficial. They highlighted the importance of fostering the ability to understand and navigate the digital environment independently, rather than simply controlling usage.

• Use within set time limits
• Understand how algorithms work
• Strengthen digital education for youth

Conclusion and Future Research Directions

The researchers confirmed a consistent link between the use of short-form platforms and cognitive-emotional difficulties in adolescents and young adults, stating the need for follow-up studies to verify interventions that can reduce addictive use and mitigate related risks. In Korea, the usage rate of short-form content among adolescents has reached 94%, and research is underway on the negative impacts of excessive use on mental health. It is expected that these future studies will help clarify causal relationships and establish institutional frameworks to protect vulnerable populations.